Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 18, Issue 3 , Pages 147-151 , September 2007

What Are Hemorrhoids? Anatomy, Classification, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  • Marc Brozovich, MD
    • ,
  • Thomas E. Read, MD, FACS, FASCRS

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Thomas E. Read, MD, Dept. of Surgery 4600N, Western Pennsylvania Hospital, 4800 Friendship Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.

References 

  1. Stelzner F. The corpus cavernosum recti. Dis Colon Rectum. 1964;7:398–399
  2. Misra SP, Dwivedi M, Misra V. Prevalence and factors influencing hemorrhoids, anorectal varices, and colopathy in patients with portal hypertension. Endoscopy. 1996;28:340–345
  3. Delco F, Sonnenberg A. Associations between hemorrhoids and other diagnoses. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:1534–1542
  4. Kaidar-Person O, Person B, Wexner SD. Hemorrhoidal disease: a comprehensive review. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:102–117
  5. Kluiber RM, Wolff BG. Evaluation of anemia caused by hemorrhoidal bleeding. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:1006–1007

PII: S1043-1489(07)00029-2

doi: 10.1053/j.scrs.2007.07.003

Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 18, Issue 3 , Pages 147-151 , September 2007

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