Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 19, Issue 1 , Pages 30-36 , March 2008

Can Performance of Sphincter-Sparing Surgery Serve as an Outcome Measure for Rectal Cancer?

  • James W. Ogilvie Jr, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
    • ,
  • Rocco Ricciardi, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts.
    • Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Rocco Ricciardi, MD, MPH, Lahey Clinic, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805.

References 

  1. Rothenberger DA, Ricciardi R. ACS Surgery: Principles and Practice. In:  Souba WW,  Wilmore DW,  Fink MP, et al. editor. Procedures for rectal cancer. New York, NY: WebMD Professional Publishing; 2006;p. 847–862
  2. Miles WE. A method of performing abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma of the rectum and terminal portion of the pelvic colon. Lancet. 1908;1812–1813
  3. Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, et al. Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection (Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision). Lancet. 1986;2:996–999
  4. Tjandra JJ, Kilkenny JW, Buie WD, et al. The Standards Practice Task Force (Practice parameters for the management of rectal cancer). (revised) Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:411–423
  5. Heald RJ, Ryall RD. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet. 1986;1:1479–1482
  6. Janjan NA, Khoo VS, Abbruzzese J, et al. Tumor downstaging and sphincter preservation with preoperative chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer: the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;44:1027–1038
  7. Sprangers MA, Taal BG, Aaronson NK, et al. Quality of life in colorectal cancer (Stoma vs. nonstoma patients). Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38:361–369
  8. Camilleri-Brennan J, Steele RJ. Quality of life after treatment for rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1998;85:1036–1043
  9. Williams NS, Johnston D. The quality of life after rectal excision for low rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1983;70:460–462
  10. Vironen JH, Kairaluoma M, Aalto AM, et al. Impact of functional results on quality of life after rectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:568–578
  11. Pachler J, Wille-Jorgensen P. Quality of life after rectal resection for cancer, with or without permanent colostomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;CD004323
  12. Sideris L, Zenasni F, Vernerey D, et al. Quality of life of patients operated on for low rectal cancer: impact of the type of surgery and patients’ characteristics. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:2180–2191
  13. Bossema E, Stiggelbout A, Baas-Thijssen M, et al. Patients’ preferences for low rectal cancer surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008;34:42–48
  14. Zolciak A, Bujko K, Kepka L, et al. Abdominoperineal resection or anterior resection for rectal cancer: patient preferences before and after treatment. Colorectal Dis. 2006;8:575–580
  15. Law WL, Chu KW. Abdominoperineal resection is associated with poor oncological outcome. Br J Surg. 2004;91:1493–1499
  16. Gillen P, Peel AL. Comparison of the mortality, morbidity and incidence of local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated by either stapled anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection. Br J Surg. 1986;73:339–341
  17. Rullier E, Laurent C, Carles J, et al. Local recurrence of low rectal cancer after abdominoperineal and anterior resection. Br J Surg. 1997;84:525–528
  18. McDonald PJ, Heald RJ. A survey of postoperative function after rectal anastomosis with circular stapling devices. Br J Surg. 1983;70:727–729
  19. McAnena OJ, Heald RJ, Lockhart-Mummery HE. Operative and functional results of total mesorectal excision with ultra-low anterior resection in the management of carcinoma of the lower one-third of the rectum. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1990;170:517–521
  20. Batignani G, Monaci I, Ficari F, et al. What affects continence after anterior resection of the rectum?. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:329–335
  21. Lewis WG, Holdsworth PJ, Stephenson BM, et al. Role of the rectum in the physiological and clinical results of coloanal and colorectal anastomosis after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma. Br J Surg. 1992;79:1082–1086
  22. Karanjia ND, Schache DJ, Heald RJ. Function of the distal rectum after low anterior resection for carcinoma. Br J Surg. 1992;79:114–116
  23. Lewis WG, Martin IG, Williamson ME, et al. Why do some patients experience poor functional results after anterior resection of the rectum for carcinoma?. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38:259–263
  24. Miller AS, Lewis WG, Williamson ME, et al. Factors that influence functional outcome after coloanal anastomosis for carcinoma of the rectum. Br J Surg. 1995;82:1327–1330
  25. Brown SR, Seow-Choen F. Preservation of rectal function after low anterior resection with formation of a neorectum. Semin Surg Oncol. 2000;19:376–385
  26. Fazio VW, Zutshi M, Remzi FH, et al. A randomized multicenter trial to compare long-term functional outcome, quality of life, and complications of surgical procedures for low rectal cancers. Ann Surg. 2007;246:481–488discussion 488-490
  27. Gerard JP, Chapet O, Nemoz C, et al. Improved sphincter preservation in low rectal cancer with high-dose preoperative radiotherapy: the Lyon R96-02 randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:2404–2409
  28. Marusch F, Koch A, Schmidt U, et al. Hospital caseload and the results achieved in patients with rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2001;88:1397–1402
  29. Lim SB, Heo SC, Lee MR, et al. Changes in outcome with sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer in Korea, 1991-2000. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005;31:242–249
  30. Heald RJ, Smedh RK, Kald A, et al. Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum—an endangered operation (Norman Nigro Lectureship). Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:747–751
  31. Simons AJ, Ker R, Groshen S, et al. Variations in treatment of rectal cancer: the influence of hospital type and caseload. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:641–646
  32. Abraham NS, Davila JA, Rabeneck L, et al. Increased use of low anterior resection for veterans with rectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:35–41
  33. Ricciardi R, Virnig BA, Madoff RD, et al. The status of radical proctectomy and sphincter-sparing surgery in the United States. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50:1119–1127discussion 1126-1127
  34. Hodgson DC, Zhang W, Zaslavsky AM, et al. Relation of hospital volume to colostomy rates and survival for patients with rectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95:708–716
  35. Morris AM, Billingsley KG, Baxter NN, et al. Racial disparities in rectal cancer treatment: a population-based analysis. Arch Surg. 2004;139:151–155discussion 156
  36. McGory ML, Zingmond DS, Sekeris E, et al. A patient’s race/ethnicity does not explain the underuse of appropriate adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:319–329
  37. Bach PB, Pham HH, Schrag D, et al. Primary care physicians who treat blacks and whites. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:575–584
  38. Jessup JM, Stewart AK, Menck HR. The National Cancer Data Base report on patterns of care for adenocarcinoma of the rectum, 1985-95. Cancer. 1998;83:2408–2418
  39. NIH consensus conference. Adjuvant therapy for patients with colon and rectal cancer. JAMA. 1990;264:1444–1450
  40. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:980–987
  41. Wagman R, Minsky BD, Cohen AM, et al. Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer with preoperative radiation therapy and coloanal anastomosis: long term follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;42:51–57
  42. Hyams DM, Mamounas EP, Petrelli N, et al. A clinical trial to evaluate the worth of preoperative multimodality therapy in patients with operable carcinoma of the rectum: a progress report of National Surgical Breast and Bowel Project Protocol R-03. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:131–139
  43. Valentini V, Coco C, Cellini N, et al. Preoperative chemoradiation for extraperitoneal T3 rectal cancer: acute toxicity, tumor response, and sphincter preservation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;40:1067–1075
  44. Grann A, Feng C, Wong D, et al. Preoperative combined modality therapy for clinically resectable uT3 rectal adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;49:987–995
  45. Rengan R, Paty P, Wong WD, et al. Distal cT2N0 rectal cancer: is there an alternative to abdominoperineal resection?. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4905–4912
  46. Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1731–1740
  47. Baxter NN, Rothenberger DA, Morris AM, et al. Adjuvant radiation for rectal cancer: do we measure up to the standard of care? (An epidemiologic analysis of trends over 25 years in the United States). Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:9–15
  48. Purves H, Pietrobon R, Hervey S, et al. Relationship between surgeon caseload and sphincter preservation in patients with rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:195–202discussion 202-204
  49. McGrath DR, Leong DC, Gibberd R, et al. Surgeon and hospital volume and the management of colorectal cancer patients in Australia. Aust NZ J Surg. 2005;75:901–910
  50. Meyerhardt JA, Tepper JE, Niedzwiecki D, et al. Impact of hospital procedure volume on surgical operation and long-term outcomes in high-risk curatively resected rectal cancer: findings from the Intergroup 0114 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:166–174
  51. Schrag D, Panageas KS, Riedel E, et al. Hospital and surgeon procedure volume as predictors of outcome following rectal cancer resection. Ann Surg. 2002;236:583–592
  52. Read TE, Myerson RJ, Fleshman JW, et al. Surgeon specialty is associated with outcome in rectal cancer treatment. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:904–914
  53. Porter GA, Soskolne CL, Yakimets WW, et al. Surgeon-related factors and outcome in rectal cancer. Ann Surg. 1998;227:157–167
  54. Lee TH, Meyer GS, Brennan TA. A middle ground on public accountability. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2409–2412
  55. Galvin R, Milstein A. Large employers’ new strategies in health care. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:939–942
  56. Committee on Quality Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine. Crossing the Quality Chasm (A New Health System for the 21st Century). Wasington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001;
  57. National Quality Forum. http://www.qualityforum.org/Assessed on September 28, 2007
  58. Engel AF, Oomen JL, Eijsbouts QA, et al. Nationwide decline in annual numbers of abdomino-perineal resections: effect of a successful national trial?. Colorectal Dis. 2003;5:180–184
  59. Wibe A, Eriksen MT, Syse A, et al. Effect of hospital caseload on long-term outcome after standardization of rectal cancer surgery at a national level. Br J Surg. 2005;92:217–224
  60. Martling A, Cedermark B, Johansson H, et al. The surgeon as a prognostic factor after the introduction of total mesorectal excision in the treatment of rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2002;89:1008–1013
  61. Martling AL, Holm T, Rutqvist LE, et al. Effect of a surgical training programme on outcome of rectal cancer in the County of Stockholm (Stockholm Colorectal Cancer Study Group, Basingstoke Bowel Cancer Research Project). Lancet. 2000;356:93–96

PII: S1043-1489(08)00008-0

doi: 10.1053/j.scrs.2008.01.007

Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 19, Issue 1 , Pages 30-36 , March 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution