Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 72-80 , June 2008

Proficiency-Based Training for Surgical Skills

  • Daniel J. Scott, MD, FACS

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Daniel J. Scott, MD, FACS, Associate Professor of Surgery, Director, Southwestern Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9156. Phone: 214-648-2677; Fax: 214-648-2301

References 

  1. Scott DJ. Patient safety, competency, and the future of surgical simulation. Simul Healthc. 2006;1:164–170
  2. Korndorffer JR, Stefanidis D, Scott DJ. Laparoscopic skills laboratories: current assessment and a call for resident training standards. Am J Surg. 2006;191:17–22
  3. Bell RH. Surgical Council on Resident Education: a new organization devoted to graduate surgical education. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:341–346
  4. American College of Surgeons (ACS) Program for the Accreditation of Education Institutes. http://www.facs.org/education/accreditationprogram/index.htmlaccessed Dec 15, 2007
  5. Scott DJ, Dunnington GL: The new ACS/APDS skills curriculum: moving the learning curve out of the operating room. J Gastrointest Surg (In press)
  6. Scott DJ, Bergen PC, Euhus DM, et al. Laparoscopic training on bench models: better and more cost effective than operating room experience?. J Am Coll Surg. 2000;191:272–283
  7. Seymour NE, Gallagher AG, Roman SA, et al. Virtual reality training improves operating room performance. Ann Surg. 2002;236:458–464
  8. Peters JH, Fried GM, Swanstrom LL, et al. Development and validation of a comprehensive program of education and assessment of the basic fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery. Surgery. 2004;135:21–27
  9. Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) Program. Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons. http://www.flsprogram.orgaccessed Dec 15, 2007
  10. Fried GM, Feldman LS, Vassiliou MC, et al. Proving the value of simulation in laparoscopic surgery. Ann Surg. 2004;240:518–525
  11. Hamilton EC, Scott DJ, Kapoor A, et al. Improving operative performance using a laparoscopic hernia simulator. Am J Surg. 2001;182:725–728
  12. Korndorffer JK, Hayes DJ, Dunne JB, et al. Development and transferability of a cost-effective laparoscopic camera navigation simulator. Surg Endosc. 2005;19:161–167
  13. Korndorffer JR, Dunne JB, Sierra R, et al. Simulator training for laparoscopic suturing using performance goals translates to the OR. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;201:23–29
  14. Grantcharov TP, Kristiansen VB, Bendix J, et al. Randomized clinical trial of virtual reality simulation for laparoscopic skills training. Br J Surg. 2004;91:146–150
  15. Andreatta PB, Woodrum DT, Birkmeyer JD, et al. Laparoscopic skills are improved with LapMentor training: results of a randomized, double-blinded study. Ann Surg. 2006;243:854–860
  16. Hyltander A, Liljegren E, Rhodin PH, et al. The transfer of basic skills learned in a laparoscopic simulator to the operating room. Surg Endosc. 2002;16:1324–1328
  17. Ahlberg G, Enochsson L, Gallagher AG, et al. Proficiency-based virtual reality training significantly reduces the error rate for residents during their first 10 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Am J Surg. 2007;193:797–804
  18. Scott DJ, Young WN, Tesfay ST, et al. Laparoscopic skills training. Am J Surg. 2001;182:137–142
  19. Gallagher AG, Satava RM. Virtual reality as a metric for the assessment of laparoscopic psychomotor skills (Learning curves and reliability measures). Surg Endosc. 2002;16:1746–1752
  20. Grantcharov TP, Bardram L, Funch-Jensen P, et al. Learning curves and impact of previous operative experience on performance on a virtual reality simulator to test laparoscopic surgical skills. Am J Surg. 2003;185:146–149
  21. Brunner WC, Korndorffer JR, Sierra R, et al. Laparoscopic virtual reality training: are 30 repetitions enough?. J Surg. 2004;122:150–156
  22. Stefanidis D, Korndorffer JR, Black FW, et al. Psychomotor testing predicts rate of skill acquisition for proficiency-based laparoscopic skills training. Surgery. 2006;140:252–262
  23. Stefanidis D, Korndorffer JR, Sierra R, et al. Skill retention following proficiency-based laparoscopic simulator training. Surgery. 2005;138:165–170
  24. Stefanidis D, Sierra R, Korndorffer JR, et al. Intensive CME course training on simulators results in proficiency for laparoscopic suturing. Am J Surg. 2006;191:23–27
  25. Stefanidis D, Sierra R, Markley S, et al. Proficiency maintenance: impact of ongoing simulator training on laparoscopic skill retention. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;202:599–603
  26. Scott DJ, Goova MT, Tesfay ST. A Cost-effective proficiency-based knot-tying and suturing curriculum for residency programs. J Surg Res. 2007;141:7–15
  27. Ritter EM, Scott DJ. Design of a proficiency-based skills training curriculum for the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery. Surg Innov. 2007;14:107–112
  28. Stefanidis D, Korndorffer JR, Markley S, et al. Closing the gap in operative performance between novices and experts: does harder mean better for laparoscopic simulator training?. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;205:307–313
  29. Stefanidis D, Korndorffer JR, Heniford BT, et al. Limited feedback and video tutorials optimize learning and resource utilization during laparoscopic simulator training. Surgery. 2007;142:202–206
  30. Sierra R, Korndorffer JR, Stefanidis D, et al. Proficiency-based training: a new standard for laparoscopic simulation. Surg Endosc. 2005;19(Suppl):S249;(abs)
  31. Ericsson KA. Deliberate practice and the acquisition and maintenance of expert performance in medicine and related domains. Acad Med. 2004;79:S70–S81
  32. In:  Ericsson KA,  Charness N,  Feltovich PJ,  Hoffman RR editor. The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2006;
  33. Moulton CA, Dubrowski A, MacRae H, et al. Teaching surgical skills: what kind of practice makes perfect? (A randomized, controlled trial). Ann Surg. 2006;244:400–409
  34. Wanzel KR, Ward M, Reznick RK. Teaching the surgical craft, from selection to certification. Curr Prob Surg. 2002;39:573–659
  35. Korndorffer JK, Clayton JL, Tesfay ST, et al. Multicenter construct validity for Southwestern laparoscopic videotrainer stations. J Surg Res. 2005;128:114–119
  36. Gallagher AG, Richie K, McClure N, et al. Objective psychomotor skills assessment of experienced, junior, and novice laparoscopists with virtual reality. World J Surg. 2001;25:1478–1483
  37. Woodrum DT, Andreatta PB, Yellamanchili RK, et al. Construct validity of the LapSim laparoscopic surgical simulator. Am J Surg. 2006;191:28–32
  38. Maithel SK, Sierra R, Korndorffer JR, et al. Construct and face validity of MIST-VR, Endotower and CELTS: are we ready for skills assessment using simulators?. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:104–112
  39. Stefanidis D, Haluck R, Pham T, et al. Construct and face validity and task workload for laparoscopic camera navigation: virtual reality versus videotrainer systems at the SAGES Learning Center. Surg Endosc. 2007;21:1158–1164
  40. Duffy AJ, Hogle NJ, McCarthy H, et al. Construct validity for the LAPSIM laparoscopic surgical simulator. Surg Endosc. 2005;19:401–405
  41. Datta V, Mackay S, Mandalia M, et al. The use of electromagnetic motion tracking analysis to objectively measure open surgical skill in the laboratory-based model. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;193:479–485
  42. Ritter EM, McClusky DA, Gallagher AG, et al. Real-time objective assessment of knot quality with a portable tensiometer is superior to execution time for assessment of laparoscopic knot-tying performance. Surg Innov. 2005;12:233–237
  43. Grober ED, Hamstra SJ, Wanz KR, et al. The educational impact of bench model fidelity on the acquisition of technical skill (The use of clinically relevant outcome measures). Ann Surg. 2004;240:374–381
  44. Matsumoto ED, Hamstra SJ, Radomski SB, et al. The effect of bench model fidelity on endourological skills: a randomized controlled study. J Urol. 2002;167:1243–1247
  45. Gallagher AG, Ritter EM, Champion H, et al. Virtual reality simulation for the operating room: proficiency-based training as a paradigm shift in surgical skills training. Ann Surg. 2005;241:364–372
  46. Brunner WC, Korndorffer JR, Sierra R, et al. Determining standards for laparoscopic competency using virtual reality. Am Surg. 2005;71:1–5
  47. Van Sickle KR, Ritter EM, McClusky DA, et al. Attempted establishment of proficiency levels for laparoscopic performance on a national scale using simulation: the results from the 2004 SAGES Minimally Invasive Surgical Trainer—Virtual Reality (MIST-VR) learning center study. Surg Endosc. 2007;21:5–10
  48. Gallagher AG, Satava RM. Virtual reality as a metric for the assessment of laparoscopic psychomotor skills: learning curves and reliability measures. Surg Endosc. 2002;16:1746–1752
  49. Korndorffer JK, Scott DJ, Sierra R, et al. Developing and testing competency levels for laparoscopic skills training. Arch Surgery. 2005;140:80–84
  50. Reznick R, Regehr G, MacRae H, et al. Testing technical skill via an innovative ‘bench station’ examination. Am J Surg. 1997;173:226–230
  51. Larson JL, Williams RG, Ketchum J, et al. Feasibility, reliability and validity of an operative performance rating system for evaluating surgery residents. Surgery. 2005;138:640–647
  52. Wohaibi E, Earle D, Seymour N. Surgical resident performance on a virtual reality simulator correlates with operating room performance. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;205(Suppl 1):S84;(abs)
  53. Moorthy K, Munz Y, Adams S, Pandey V, Darzi A. A human factors analysis of technical and team skills among surgical trainees: during procedural simulations in a simulated operating theatre. Ann Surg. 2005;242(5):631–639
  54. Brewster LP, Risucci DA, Joehl RJ, et al. Management of adverse surgical events: a structured education module for residents. Am J Surg. 2005;190:687–690
  55. Powers KA, Rehrig ST, Irias N, et al: Simulated laparoscopic operating room crisis: approach to enhance the surgical team performance. Surg Endosc (In press)
  56. Fraser SA, Klassen DR, Feldman LS, et al. Evaluating laparoscopic skills: setting the pass/fail score for the MISTELS system. Surg Endosc. 2003;17:964–967
  57. The American Board of Surgery; http://home.absurgery.org/default.jsp?index, accessed Dec 15, 2007
  58. SAGES Biliary Grand Rounds. Woodbury, CT: Ciné-Med; 2006;
  59. SAGES Top 14 Videos. Woodbury, CT: Ciné-Med; 2004;

PII: S1043-1489(08)00019-5

doi: 10.1053/j.scrs.2008.02.003

Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 72-80 , June 2008