Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Rectal Cancer

Significant advances have been made in the treatment of rectal cancer patients. Phase III studies have demonstrated the efficacy of neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy in improving the outcome of patients with locally advanced disease. Data from the randomized German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial of preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiation has established the foundation for the use of preoperative chemoradiation in the treatment of patients with clinical stage II and III rectal cancer. Phase III studies are now examining innovative strategies of chemotherapy and targeted agents with radiation therapy.