Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 18-23 , March 2009

Fistulotomy

  • Carlos Pastor, MD, PhD
  • ,
  • John Hwang, MD
  • ,
  • Julio Garcia-Aguilar, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Julio Garcia-Aguilar, MD, PhD, Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 2330 Post Street, Suite 260, Box 0144, San Francisco, California 94115

References 

  1. Goldberg SM. Anorectal abscess and fistula-in-ano. In:  Goldberg SM,  Gordon PH,  Nivatvongs S editor. Essentials of Anorectal Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott; 1980;p. 110–112
  2. Gordon PH. Anorectal abscesses and fistula-in-ano. In:  Gordon PH,  Nivatvongs S editor. Principles and Practice of Surgery for the Colon, Rectum, and Anus. (ed 2). St Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing; 2002;p. 254–271
  3. Garcia-Aguilar J, Belmonte C, Wong WD, et al. Anal fistula surgery (Factors associated with recurrence and incontinence). Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:723–729
  4. Cavanaugh M, Hyman N, Osler T. Fecal incontinence severity index after fistulotomy: A predictor of quality of life. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:349–353
  5. Santoro GA, Ratto C. Accuracy and reliability of endoanal ultrasonography in the evaluation of perianal abscesses and fistula-in-ano. In:  Santoro GA,  Di Falco G editor. Benign Anorectal Diseases: Diagnosis with Endoanal and Endorectal Ultrasound and New Treatment Options. Milan: Springer Verlag; 2006;p. 141–182
  6. Sudol-Szopinska I, Szczepkowski M, Panorska AK, et al. Comparison of contrast-enhanced with non-contrast endosonography in the diagnostics of anal fistulas. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:2236–2241
  7. Santoro GA, Fortling B. The advantages of volume rendering in three-dimensional endosonography of the anorectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;50:359–368
  8. Halligan S, Stoker J. Imaging of fistula in ano. Radiology. 2006;239:18–33
  9. van Tets WF, Kuijpers HC. Continence disorders after anal fistulotomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:1194–1197
  10. Toyonaga T, Matsushima M, Kiuru T, et al. Factors affecting fistulotomy for intersphincteric fistula-in-ano. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007;22:1071–1075
  11. Ho YH, Tan M, Leong AF, et al. Marsupialization of fistulotomy wounds improves healing: A randomized controlled trial. Br J Surg. 1998;85:105–107
  12. Pescatori M, Ayabaca SM, Cafaro D, et al. Marsupialization of fistulotomy and fistulectomy wounds improves healing and decreases bleeding: A randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis. 2006;8:11–14
  13. Belliveau P. Anal fistula. In:  Fazio VW,  Church JM,  Delaney CP editor. Current Therapy on Colon and Rectal Surgery. (ed 2). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2005;p. 27–34
  14. Toyonaga T, Matsushima M, Sogawa N, et al. Postoperative urinary retention after surgery: Potential risk factors and strategy for prevention. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:676–682
  15. Kronborg O. To lay open or incise a fistula-in-ano: Randomized trial. Br J Surg. 1985;72:970
  16. Sangwan YP, Rosen L, Riether RD, et al. Is simple fistula-in-ano simple?. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:885–889
  17. Westerterp M, Volkers NA, Poolman RW, et al. Anal fistulotomy between Skylla and Charybdis. Colorectal Dis. 2003;5:549–551
  18. Rosa G, Lolli P, Piccinelli D, et al. Fistula-in-ano: Anatomoclinical aspects, surgical therapy and results in 844 patients. Tech Coloproctol. 2006;10:215–221
  19. van der Hagen SJ, Baeten CG, Soeters PB. Long-term outcome following mucosal advancement flap for high perianal fistulas and fistulotomy for low perianal fistulas (Recurrent perianal fistulas: Failure of treatment or recurrent patient disease?). Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:784–790
  20. Toyonaga T, Matsushima M, Kiriu T, et al. Factors affecting continence after fistulotomy for intersphincteric fistula-in-ano. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007;22:1071–1075
  21. Davies M, Harris D, Lohana P, et al. The surgical management of fistula-in-ano in a specialist colorectal unit. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2008;22:[Epub ahead of print]
  22. Ortiz H, Marzo M, de Miguel M, et al. Length of follow-up after fistulotomy and fistulectomy associated with endorectal advancement flap repair for fistula in ano. Br J Surg. 2008;95:484–487
  23. van Koperen PJ, Wind J, Bemelman WA, et al. Long-term functional outcome and risk factors for recurrence after surgical treatment for low and high perianal fistulas of cryptoglandular origin. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;15:[Epub ahead of print]
  24. Malik AI, Nelson RL. Surgical management of anal fistulae: A systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:420–430
  25. Seow-Choen PRK. Insights gained from the management of problematical anal fistulae at St (Mark's Hospital, 1984-88). Br J Surg. 1991;78:539–541
  26. Mylonakis E, Katsios C, Godevenos D, et al. Quality of life after surgical treatment of anal fistula; the role of anal manometry. Colorectal Dis. 2001;3:417–421
  27. Parks AG, Stitz RW. The treatment of high fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum. 1976;19:487–499
  28. Ramanujan PS, Prasad ML, Abcarian H. The role of Seton in fistulotomy of the anus. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1983;157:419–422
  29. McCourtney JS, Finlay IG. Setons in the surgical management of fistula in ano. Br J Surg. 1995;82:448–452
  30. van Tets WF, Kuijpers JH. Seton treatment of perianal fistula with high anal or rectal opening. Br J Surg. 1995;82:895–897
  31. Williams JG, MacLeod CA, Rothenberger DA, et al. Seton treatment of high anal fistulae. Br J Surg. 1991;78:1159–1161
  32. Scoma JA, Salvati EP, Rubin RJ. Incidence of fistulas subsequent to anal abscesses. Dis Colon Rectum. 1974;17:357–359
  33. Lockhart-Mummery HE. Treatment of abscesses. Dis Colon Rectum. 1975;18:650–651
  34. Parks AG, Gordon PH, Hardcastle JE. A classification of fistula-in-ano. Br J Surg. 1976;63:1–12
  35. McElwain JW, MacLean MD, Alexander RM, et al. Experience with primary fistulectomy for anorectal abscess: A report of 1000 cases. Dis Colon Rectum. 1975;18:646–649
  36. Abcarian H. Acute suppurations of the anorectum. Surg Annu. 1976;8:305–333
  37. Vasilevsky CA, Gordon PH. The incidence of recurrent abscess or fistula-in-ano following colorectal suppuration. Dis Colon Rectum. 1985;28:225–231
  38. Quah HM, Tang CL, Eu KW, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing drainage alone vs primary sphincter-cutting procedures for anorectal abscess-fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2005;30:1–8
  39. Ramanujam PS, Prasard ML, Abcarian H, et al. Perianal abscesses and fistulas (A study of 1023 patients). Dis Colon Rectum. 1984;27:593–597
  40. Hebjørn M, Olsen O, Haakansson T, et al. A randomized trial of fistulotomy in perianal abscess (Scan). J Gastroenterol. 1987;22:174–176
  41. Tang CL, Chew SP, Seow-Choen F. Prospective randomized trial of drainage alone vs. drainage and fistulotomy for acute perianal abscesses with proven internal opening. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:1415–1417
  42. Cox SW, Senagore AJ, Luchtefeld MA, et al. Outcome after incision and drainage with fistulotomy for ischiorectal abscess. Am J Surg. 1997;63:686–689
  43. Ho YH, Tan M, Chui C-H, et al. Randomized controlled trial of primary fistulotomy with drainage alone for perianal abscesses. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:1435–1438
  44. Oliver I, Lacueva FJ, Perez F, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing simple drainage of anorectal abscess with and without fistula track treatment. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2003;18:107–110
  45. Parkash S, Lakshmiratan V, Gajerdan V. Fistula-in-ano: Treatment by fistulectomy, primary closure and reconstitution. Aust NZ J Surg. 1985;55:23–27
  46. Lux N, Athanasiadis S. Functional results following fistulectomy with primary muscle suture in high anal fistula (A prospective clinical trial and manometric study). Chirug. 1991;62:36–41
  47. Roig JV, Garcia-Armengol J, Jordan J, et al. Immediate reconstruction of the anal sphincter after fistulectomy in the management of complex anal fistulas. Colorectal Dis. 1999;1:137–140
  48. Christiansen J, Rønholt C. Treatment of recurrence high anal fistula by total excision and primary sphincter reconstruction. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1995;10:207–209
  49. Perez F, Arroyo A, Serrano P, et al. Fistulotomy with primary sphincter reconstruction in the management of complex fistula-in-ano: Prospective study of clinical and manometric results. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;200:897–903
  50. Perez F, Arroyo A, Serrano P, et al. Randomized clinical and manometry study of advancement flap versus fistulotomy with sphincter reconstruction in the management of complex fistula-in-ano. Am J Surg. 2006;192:34–40
  51. Gupta PJ. Radiosurgical fistulotomy; an alternative to conventional procedure in fistula in ano. Curr Surg. 2003;60:524–528
  52. Filingeri V, Gravante G, Baldessari E, et al. Radiofrequency fistulectomy vs. diathermic fistulotomy for submucosal fistulas: A randomized trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2004;8:111–116

PII: S1043-1489(08)00066-3

doi: 10.1053/j.scrs.2008.10.004

Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 18-23 , March 2009