Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 58-62 , March 2009

Rectovaginal Fistula

  • C. Neal Ellis, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: C. Neal Ellis, MD, Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama, 2451 Fillingim Street, MSTN 721, Mobile, AL 36617-2293

References 

  1. Tsang CBS, Madoff RD, Wong WD, et al. Anal sphincter integrity and function influences outcome in rectovaginal repair. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:1141–1146
  2. Wise WE, Aguilar PS, Padmanabtan A, et al. Surgical treatment of low rectovaginal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:271–274
  3. Venkatesh KS, Ramanujum PS, Larson DM, et al. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989;32:1039–1041
  4. Hibbard LT. Surgical management of rectovaginal fistulas and complete perineal tears. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1978;130:139–141
  5. Homsi R, Daikoku NH, Littlejohn J, et al. Episiotomy: Risks of dehiscence and rectovaginal fistula. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1994;49:803–808
  6. Mazier WP, Senagore AJ, Schiesel EC. Operative repair of anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38:4–6
  7. Goldaber KG, Wendel PJ, McIntire DD, et al. Postpartum perineal morbidity after fourth-degree perineal repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:489–493
  8. Senatore PJ. Anovaginal fistulae. Surg Clin North Am. 1994;74:1361–1375
  9. Tsang CB, Rothenberger DA. Rectovaginal fistulas (Therapeutic options). Surg Clin North Am. 1997;77:95–114
  10. Andreani SM, Dang HH, Grondona P, et al. Rectovaginal fistulas is Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50:2215–2222
  11. McClane SJ, Rombeau JL. Anorectal Crohn's disease. Surg Clin North Am. 2001;81:169–183
  12. Pescatori M, Gagliardi G. Postoperative complications after procedure for prolapsed hemorrhoids (PPH) and stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) procedures. Tech Coloproctol. 2008;12:7–19
  13. Gagliardi G, Pescatori M, Altomare DF, et al. Results, outcome predictors, and complications after stapled transanal rectal resection for obstructed defecation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:186–195
  14. Lolohea S, Lynch AC, Robertson CB, et al. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis-vaginal fistula: A review. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:1802–1810
  15. Cooke SA, de Moor NG. The surgical treatment of the radiation damaged rectum. Br J Surg. 1981;68:488–492
  16. Giordano P, Drew PJ, Taylor D, et al. Vaginography: Investigation of choice for clinically suspected vaginal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:568–572
  17. Mc Singh B, Mortensen C, Jewell DP, et al. Perianal Crohn's disease. Br J Surg. 2004;97:801–814
  18. Dwarkasing S, Hussain SM, Hop WC, et al. Anovaginal fistulas: Evaluation with endoanal MR imaging. Radiology. 2004;231–238
  19. Bartram C, Buchanan G. Imaging anal fistula. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003;41:443–457
  20. Stoker J, Rociu E, Schouten WR, et al. Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas: Endoluminal ultrasonography versus endoluminal MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178:737–741
  21. Sudol-Szopinska I, Jakubowski W, Szczepkowski M. Contrast enhanced endosonography for the diagnosis of anal and anovaginal fistulas. J Clin Ultrasound. 2002;30:145–150
  22. Yee LF, Birnbaum EH, Read TE, et al. Use of endoanal ultrasound in patients with rectovaginal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:1057–1064
  23. Felt-Bersman RJ. Endoanal ultrasound in perianal fistulas and abscesses. Digest Liver Dis. 2006;38:537–543
  24. Gravante G, Giordano P. The role of three-dimensional endoluminal ultrasound imaging in the evaluation of anorectal diseases: A review. Surg Endosc. 2008;1570–1578
  25. Poen AC, Felt-Bersman RJ, Cuesta MA, et al. Vaginal endoscopy of the anal sphincter complex is important in the assessment of faecal incontinence and perianal sepsis. Br J Surg. 1998;85:359–363
  26. Khanduja KS, Yamashita HJ, Wise WE, et al. Delayed repair of obstetric injuries of the anorectum and vagina (A stratified surgical approach). Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:344–349
  27. Pearl RK, Andrews JR, Orsay CP, et al. Role of the Seton in the management of anorectal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:573–577
  28. Rahman MS, Al-suleiman SA, El-Yahia AR, et al. Surgical treatment of rectovaginal fistula of obstetric origin: A review of 15 years experience in a teaching hospital. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;23:607–610
  29. Waaldijk K, Armiya'U YD. The obstetric fistula: A major public health problem still unresolved. Int Urogynecol J. 1993;4:126–128
  30. Tancer ML, Lasser D, Rosenblum N. Rectovaginal fistula or perineal or anal sphincter disruption or both after vaginal delivery. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1990;171:43–46
  31. Watson SJ, Phillips RKS. Non-inflammatory rectovaginal fistula. Br J Surg. 1995;82:1641–1643
  32. Lowry AC, Thorson AG, Rothenberger DA, et al. Repair of simple rectovaginal fistula (Influence of previous repairs). Dis Colon Rectum. 1988;31:676–678
  33. Tsang CBS, Madoff RD, Wong WD, et al. Anal sphincter integrity and function influences outcome in rectovaginal repair. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:1141–1146
  34. Khanduja KS, Yamashita HJ, Wise WE, et al. Delayed repair of obstetric injuries of the anorectum and vagina (A stratified surgical approach). Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:344–349
  35. Zimmerman DD, Gosselink MP, Briel JW, et al. The outcome of transanal advancement flap repair is not improved by an additional labial fat flap transposition. vol 6 Tech Coloprocto; 2002;pp 37-42
  36. Ellis CN. Outcomes after repair of rectovaginal fistulas using bioprosthetics. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:1084–1088
  37. Sonoda T, Hull T, Piedmonte MR, et al. Outcomes of primary repair of anorectal and rectovaginal fistulas using the endorectal advancement flap. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:1622–1628
  38. McRae HM, McLeod RS, Cohen Z, et al. Treatment of rectovaginal fistulas that have failed previous repair attempts. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38:921–925
  39. Lowry AC, Thorson AG, Rothenberger DA, et al. Repair of simple rectovaginal fistulas (Influence of previous repairs). Dis Colon Rectum. 1988;31:676–678
  40. Zimmerman DD, Delemarre JB, Gosselink MP, et al. Smoking affects the outcome of transanal mucosal advancement flap repair of transsphincteric fistulas. Br J Surg. 2003;90:351–354
  41. Mizrahi N, Wexner SD, Zmora O, et al. Endorectal advancement flap: Are there predictors of failure?. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:1616–1621
  42. Ellis CN, Clark S. Effect of tobacco smoking on advancement flap repair of complex anal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50:459–463[CrossRef] [PubMed]
  43. Pidala MJ, Slezak FA, Porter JA. Island flap anoplasty for anal canal stenosis and mucosal ectropion. Am Surg. 1996;60:194–196
  44. Devesa JM, Devesa M, Velasco GR, et al. Benign rectovaginal fistulas: Management and results of a personal series. Tech Coloproctol. 2007;11:128–134
  45. Pinedo G, Phillips R. Labial fat pad grafts (modified martius graft) in complex perianal fistulas. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1998;80:410–412
  46. Kay AR. Labial fat pad grafts (modified martius graft) in complex perianal fistulas. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1999;81:143
  47. McNevin MS, Lee PY, Bax TW. Martius flap: An adjunct for repair of complex low rectovaginal fistulas. Am J Surg. 2007;193:597–599
  48. Songne K, Scotte M, Lubrano J, et al. Treatment of anovaginal or rectovaginal fistulas with modified martius graft. Colorectal Dis. 2007;9:653–656
  49. Tunuguntla HS, Gousse AE. Female sexual dysfunction following vaginal surgery: A review. J Urol. 2006;175:439–446
  50. Petrou SP, Jones J, Parra RO. Martius flap harvest site: Patient self-perception. J Urol. 2002;167(5):2098–2099
  51. Abel ME, Chiu YS, Russell TR, et al. Autologous fibrin glue in the treatment of rectovaginal and complex fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:447–449
  52. Venkatesh KS, Ramanujam P. Fibrin glue application in the treatment of recurrent anorectal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:1136–1139
  53. Loungnarath R, Dietz DW, Mutch MG, et al. Fibrin glue treatment of complex anal fistulas has low success rate. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:432–436
  54. Moore RD, Miklos JR, Kohli N. Rectovaginal fistula repair using a porcine dermal graft. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104:1165–1167
  55. Pye PK, Dada T, Duthie G, et al. Surgisis trademark mesh: A novel approach to repair of a recurrent rectovaginal fistula. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:1554–1556
  56. Shelton AA, Welton ML. Transperineal repair of persistent rectovaginal fistulas using an acellular cadaveric dermal graft. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:1454–1457
  57. Ky AJ, Sylla P, Steinhagen R, et al. Collagen fistula plug for the treatment of anal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:838–843
  58. Sher ME, Bauer JJ, Gelernt I. Surgical repair of rectovaginal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease: Transvaginal approach. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:641–648
  59. Sangwan YP, Schoetz DJ, Murray JJ, Roberts PL, Coller JA. Perianal Crohn's disease (Results of local surgical treatment). Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:529–535
  60. Michelassi F, Melis M, Rubin M, Hurst RD. Surgical treatment of anorectal complications in Crohn's disease. Surgery. 2000;128:597–603
  61. Hyman N. Endoanal advancement flap repair for complex anorectal fistulas. Am J Surg. 1999;178:337–4053
  62. Makowiec F, Jehle EC, Becker HD, Starlinger M. Clinical course after transanal advancement flap repair of perianal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease. Br J Surg. 1995;82:603–606
  63. Sands BE, Blank MA, Patel K, et al. ACCENT II Study (Long-term treatment of rectovaginal fistulas in Crohn's disease: Response to infliximab in the ACCENT II Study). Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2:912–920
  64. Topstad DR, Panaccione R, Heine JA, et al. Placement, infliximab infusion, and maintenance immunosuppressives improve healing rate in fistulizing anorectal Crohn's disease: A single center experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46:577–583
  65. Poritz LS, Rowe WA, Koltun WA. Remicade does not abolish the need for surgery in fistulizing Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:771–775
  66. Rasul I, Wilson SR, MacRae H, Irwin S, Greenberg GR. Clinical and radiological responses after infliximab treatment for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:82–88

PII: S1043-1489(08)00073-0

doi: 10.1053/j.scrs.2008.10.011

Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 58-62 , March 2009

Article Tools